Social anxiety (social phobia) is the fear of being judged or embarrassed in social situations, causing reluctance to interact with others. Physical symptoms may include blushing, profuse sweating, trembling, nausea, difficulty talking, dry mouth, inability to speak clearly, and an increased heart rate. Social anxiety can be personal (about particular situations) or general (worries about other people’s impressions of the individual).
A person with social anxiety disorder becomes fearful in a situation where he or she is exposed to possible scrutiny by others and fears that he/she may do something or act in a way that will be humiliating or embarrassing. He or she also realizes that these fears are irrational and tries to avoid the dreaded situation. The fear is out of proportion with reality, but if a person believes that others may be scrutinizing or judging him/her (real or imagined), he/she will feel anxious in threatening situations. Social anxiety disorder can interfere with many aspects of daily life, including academic performance, work productivity, interpersonal relationships, and self-esteem.
Treatments
There are many types of treatment for social anxiety disorder. Treatment is tailored to the individual and may include medication, talk therapy (psychotherapy), or a combination of both.
Medication
Certain medications that increase serotonin levels in the brain can be used to treat social anxiety disorder. Antidepressants such as escitalopram and sertraline and the anti-anxiety medication, venlafaxine, are used to treat social anxiety disorder.
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Talk therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy, a type of talk therapy, helps an individual develop different ways of coping with anxiety and challenging thoughts that might trigger it. The type of psychotherapy used for social anxiety disorder is usually brief in duration and structure, with a focus on current issues. It may involve a specific set of strategies, such as changing self-talk, working on social skills, and gradually facing activities that have been avoided.
Tips for overcoming social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder can be overcome by making lifestyle changes such as engaging in regular aerobic exercise and seeking support from a mental health professional. Relaxation exercises, breathing techniques, meditation, yoga, or other alternative therapies may help decrease anxiety.
Diagnosis
A mental health professional can diagnose social anxiety disorder based on information reported by the person about his/her feelings, experiences, and behaviors. The MMPI-2 is a questionnaire used to gain insight into how people perceive themselves and their relationships with others. A blood test may be done to rule out medical conditions that are sometimes linked with social anxiety disorder, such as thyroid disease.
Conclusion
Social anxiety disorder is a treatable condition. With treatment and support, most people with the disorder are able to have fulfilling relationships, achieve success at school or work, and lead a normal life.